what are the preventins of epidemiology cardiovascular diseases on elderly?

Many factors contribute to cardiovascular disease. Some risk factors include smoking, and a high LDL cholesterol level (and a low HDL level). As we get older our arteries naturally harden. Factors like diet and smoking can increase this effect. Also, the nicotine in cigarettes increases cardiac output which increases blood pressure and puts more strain on the system. Always avoid smoking and foods that are high in saturated fats and trans-fatty acids. However, the interplay of genetics and environment makes it such that even the greatest diet/lifestyle may not be enough in some people and they will therefore require medical intervention.